speaking at work

'TO HAVE'

modals

to be

Advertisement Text

The purpose of advertisement text is to promote services or products. Advertisement is usually very persuasive in terms of attracting the readers to buy their products or use their services. 

In order to attract the readers the language that is used in advertisement should be : 

 -simple
- clear
- short
- attractive
- persuasive
- using slogan 

Examples 

1. Job vacancy 

JOB ADVERTISEMENT

Teaching Positions 2012
SMA Maya Englishindo

SMA Maya Englishindo seeks applications from suitably qualified teachers for positions commencing April 2012. Applicants are invited to visit the website for more details, including a full position description, of the position advertised below.

Teacher of English and SOSE.
Full-time permanent position.

Applications including CV and the names of three referees should be sent to: The Principal's Assistant, SMA Maya Englishindo, 22 Empty Road, Dunia Maya, 6666.

Applications close Wednesday 01 April 2012 

2.   Food advertisement

3. Online shopping

"Notice/Caution/Warning"

"Notice/Caution/Warning" 

I. RANGKUMAN MATERI

Notice/caution: adalah salah satu text fungsional yang berupa petunjuk agar seseorang melakukan atau tidak melakukan sesuatu. Notice/caution ini dapat berupa frase (gabungan kata), clausa (kalimat), atau berupa  gambar/tanda/sign.

Warning: Larangan agar supaya seseorang tidak melakukan hal tersebut karena dianggap sangat berbahaya. Jadi, warning hampir sama seperti notice tapi tingkat bahayanya lebih tinggi dari notice. Sehingga larangannya bersifat lebih keras.

Soal yang biasanya muncul dalam notice/caution:

1. Function/purpose of the text ( fungsi / tujuan text ):

-          What is the function of the text?

-          What is the purpose of the notice?

Functions of the notice:

a.To give instruction/to instruct people: untuk memberi petunjuk.

b.To give direction: untuk memberi arahan.

c.To ask people to…: untuk meminta orang supaya…..

d.To advice/to suggest/to recommend people to..: untuk menganjurkan orang supaya……

e.To remaind people to…: Untuk mengingatkan seseorang supaya….

f.To warn/to give warning; untuk memberi peringatan

g.To ban/to forbid/to prohibit people to..: untuk melarang orang untuk….

2. Meaning: arti/makna  notice tersebut

-          What does the notice mean?

-          The notice means……

Notice/caution menurut maknanya pada dasarnya dibagi menjadi dua jenis:

1.      Notice yang berupa arahan atau petunjuk.

Notice ini bisa berupa kalimat perintah, ajakan, nasehat, arahan atau petunjuk. Bisa juga berupa gambar/sign/tanda tertentu.

 Seperti: Be silent. SLIPPERY ROAD, BE CAREFUL

            Contoh notice arahan yang berupa gambar

2.      Notice yang berupa larangan.

Notice ini berupa kalimat larangan, (No, Don’t, Never), atau berupa gambar/tanda/sign yang diberi tanda garis miring atau tanda silang (crossing).

Misalnya    : Don’t be noisy, No parking, never speak up.

Contoh notice larangan yang berupa gambar.

Meaning of the notice:

a. Jika notice tersebut berupa arahan, maka maknanya akan identik dengan kalimat-kalimat yang mengandung

    makna: ( hafalkan kosa kata berikut)

- can/may                                             : boleh

- must/have to                                      : harus

- should                                                           : hendaknya, seyogyanya

- allowed/permitted/let                         : diperbolehkan

- suggested/recommended                    : dianjurkan

- asked/hoped                                      : diminta/diharapkan   

b. Jika notice tersebut berupa larangan, maka maknanya akan identik dengankalimat-kalimat yang mengandung

    makna:( hafalkan kosa-kata berikut)

            - can’t/may not/must not                      : tidak boleh

            - forbidden/banned/prohibited             : dilarang

            - not allowed/not permitted                  : tidak diperbolehkan

            - not suggested/not recommended        : tidak dianjurkan

c. Notice tersebut biasanya terdapat dimana.

-          Where can we usually find such a notice?

 

listening and pronunciation

tenses

procedural text

how to make rainbow cake

My blogger...,

 

Tinkerbell Stories

Tinkerbell or Tinker Bell (the canonical spelling of the name) is a fictional character in J.M. Barrie's play and subsequent novel fpeter pan. She is the loyal fairy companion to Peter Pan and the jealous pixie who glows brightest for Peter Pan. Her voice sings like a tinkling bell and a sprinkle of her pixie dust from the magic wand can make you fly. In one famous scene, Tinker Bell will die if not enough people believe in fairies. The resultant plea to the children watching the play or movie is an example of "breaking the fourth wall". 

 

But this sprite can turn spiteful if she suspects that Peter's attentions are diverted to anyone but herself. It's bad enough that she has to compete with Never Land's other adoring females (the mermaids and Princess Tiger Lily), but now Peter's brought back this Wendy person from London. Tink would lay down her life for Peter, but he's too busy playing Wendy's hero to care. Somehow she'll find a way to settle the score, even if it takes eliminating the competition. 

 

In the end of the novelization, when Peter returns to Wendy after a year, it is revealed that Tinker Bell "is no more" since "fairies don't live long, but they are so little that a short time seems a good while to them." Like nearly everything that has happened in the story, Peter has forgotten her - real death and sadness cannot exist in his everlasting childhood. 

 

In Sir James M. Barrie's original play, Tinker Bell is traditionally staged as a flying point of light beamed from offstage. Animator Marc Davis' personification of her as a winged pixie with a very womanly figure was widely criticized as too sexually suggestive by Barrie purists, especially after it was rumored that she was modeled after actress Marilyn Monroe.  Tink was actually modeled after Margaret Kerry, the actress who performed her live-action reference. On screen, the character has been played by Julia Roberts (Steven Spielberg's 1991 film Hook) and Ludivine Sagnier (P. J. Hogan's 2003 film Peter Pan). The popular Miss Bell went on to a second career as TV hostess for Disney's anthology series ("Disneyland®," "Walt Disney Presents," "Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color," and "The Wonderful World of Disney"), and Tinker Bell still flies through the sky over Disneyland every night in the summer to herald the evening fireworks.

The following is a sample invitation cards

poetry

MY INSPIRATION
 

when the world began to advance

English to soar

do not know english

it feels incomplete

My inspiration english

inspire the world

learning is never tired

language forward united Indonesia

unite

 maintain unity

develop a language of unity

REPORT TEXT
Definition of Report Text
The term report text often also known as informational report. Report, the Concise Oxford Dictionary 10th Edition, is defined as 1) an account is given of a matter after investigation or consideration. 2) a piece of information about an event or situation. If concluded, the language of the text is a text report serves to provide information about an event or situation, followed the investigation and careful consideration.
Definition of text report is also fairly similar to what is often mentioned in various books in English at the intermediate level, "Report is a text roomates present information about something, as it is. It is as a result of systematic observation and analyzes." [Report is a text which presents information about something as it is. This text is the result of systematic observation and analysis.]
Thus, the actual report and descriptive text have the distinction is quite clear, although they appear to be a "twin brother" though.
In essence, the report text is usually filled with facts that can be proven scientifically, OK ..
Generic Text Structure Report.
As with descriptive text, Report text also has only two common structures [generic structure] are:

    General Clasification; statements that describe the common subject of the report, description, and classification.
    Description: Tells what the phenomenon under discussion; in terms of parts, qualities, habits or behaviors; This section gives an overview of commonly occurring phenomenon, either of its parts, its properties, habit, or behavior. The point is the elaboration of scientific classification presented.
There is also some information on the generic text structure report, which includes:

    General information
    Bundles of Specific Information
General information is the part that mentions the general information of the theme of writing. While Bundles of specific information, is the elaboration of general information.
I'm personally more inclined to agree with both generic structure, because it can make students more aware of the way to write text report.
Destination Report Text
Each article must have a purpose why the article was written. So is the report text. Some experts say that the purpose of the report is the text:

    Its social purpose is presenting information about something. They generally describe an entire class of things, Whether natural or made: Mammals, the planets, rocks, plants, countries of region, culture, transportation, and so on.

If concluded, the purpose of the report is to convey information text observations and systematic analysis. The information described in the report text is usually general in nature, be it natural or buata like mammals, planets, rocks, plants, state, cultural, transportation, and so forth.

Grammar Patterns in Report Text
Each article must have its own characteristic language, if recount text and narrative text tend to have traits using simple past, then how to report text? Okay here's a common grammar patterns used in the text report, which includes:

    Use of general nouns, eg hunting dogs, rather than particular nouns, eg our dog;
    Use of Relating verbs to describe features, eg Molecules are tiny particles;
    Some use of action verbs when describing behavior, eg Emus can not fly;
    Use of timeless present tense to indicate usualness, eg Tropical cyclones always begin over the sea;
    Use of technical terms, eg Isobars are lines drawn on a weather map;
    Use of paragraphs with topic sentences to organisé bundles of information; repeated naming of the topic as the beginning focus of the clause.
Description:

    General nouns, that is, an object (be it alive or dead) of a general nature. Just compare: Hunting dogs> <My dog. Hunting dogs are common, while my dog ​​is special.
    Relating verbs, the grammar is also called linking verbs. As to be [is, am, are: present], seem, look, taste, and so forth.
    Timeless present tense is one time in the simple present markers such as "often, Usually, always" and others.
    Technical terms, ie terms that include the text of the report. For example, on "music" then, the terms of the music should be there.

Example Report Text: Thanksgiving Day
Thanksgiving or Thanksgiving Day is a celebration of harvest, thankfulness for peace, and the attempt of Native Americans. Usually it is celebrated in late autumn.
In the past, Thanksgiving was celebrated for their rich harvest in New England. In North America, however, it was originally held to thank God for their survival in the new land which was not easy for them. However, in Canada, it had been celebrated as in New England. Thanksgiving is now celebrated in the United States of America and in Canada. Thanksgiving festivals are held every fourth Thursday of November in the U.S. and on the second Monday of October in Canada. Usually it is celebrated in four to five days in the North America and for three days in Canada.
It is celebrated through families and friends gathering to eat and give good luck. Turkey is the main dish in the thanksgiving dinner. Usually Thanksgiving parades are also held. In Thanksgiving homes are decorated with wreaths, fresh and dried flowers. Lamps are lighted to Brighten the environment. Tables are decorated with best china and antique silver dishes to mark the occasion.

Example Report Text: Venice
report text, sample text reportVenice Pictures - Reporting VeniceVenice is a city in northern Italy. It is the capital of region Veneto. Together with Padua, the city is included in the Padua-Venice Metropolitan Area. Venice has been known as the "Queen of the Adriatic", "City of Water", "City of Bridges", and "The City of Light". The city stretches across 117 small islands in the Venetian Lagoon Marshy along the Adriatic Sea in northeast Italy.
Venice is world-famous for its canals. It is built on an archipelago of 117 islands formed by about 150 canals in a shallow lagoon. The islands on roomates the city is built are connected by about 400 bridges. In the old center, the canals serve the function of roads, and every form of transport is on water or on foot.
You can ride the gondola there. It is the classical Venetian boat roomates nowadays is mostly used for tourists, or for weddings, funerals, or other Ceremonies. Now, most Venetians travel by motorized waterbuses ("vaporetti") roomates ply regular routes along the major canals and between the city's islands. The city also has many private boats. The only gondolas still in common use by Venetians are the traghetti, foot passenger ferries crossing the Grand Canal at certain points without bridges.
You can see the amusing city's landmarks such as the Piazza San Marco, Palazzo Contarini del Bovolo, Saint Mark's Cathedral or villas of the Veneto. The villas of the Veneto, rural residences for nobles during the Republic, are one of the most interesting aspects of Venetian countryside.
They are surrounded by elegant gardens, suitable for fashionable parties of high society. The city is also well known for its beautiful and romantic view, especially at night.

LETTER
A letter is a written message containing information from one party to another. The role of letters in communication has changed significantly since the nineteenth century. Historically, letters (in paper form) were the only reliable means of communication between two people in different locations.
As communication technology has diversified, posted letters have become less important as a routine form of communication; they however still remain but in a modified form. For example, the development of the telegraph shortened the time taken to send a letter by transferring the letter as an electrical signal (for example in morse code between distant points. At the telegraph office closest to the destination of the letter, the signal was transferred back into a hardcopy format and sent as a normal mail to the person's home. This allowed the normal speed of communication to be drastically shortened for larger and larger distances. This required specialised technicians to encode and decode the letter. The facsimile (fax) machine took this one step further: an entire letter could be completely transferred electrically from the sender's house to the receiver's house by means of the telephone network as an image.
Today, the Internet is becoming (or has become) the predominant medium for sending letters. The term e-mail, meaning electronic mail, has entered into everyday speech. By analogy, the term letter is sometimes used for e-mail messages with a formal letter-like format. (And regular letters, since they take longer, are often called "snail-mail.")
Historically, letters exist from the time of ancient india, ancient Egyp t and sumer, through,rome greece and china, up to the present day. Letters make up several of the books of the bible. archives of correspondence, whether for personal, diplomatic, or business reasons, serve as primary sources for historians
PARTS OF LETTER

• The Heading (The Retern Address) or Letterhead - Companies usually use printed paper where heading or letterhead is specially designed at the top of the sheet. It bears all the necessary information about the organisation’s identity.



• Date - Date of writing. The month should be fully spelled out and the year written with all four digits October 12, 2005
  (12 October 2005 - UK style). The date is aligned with the return address. The number of the date is pronounced as an ordinal figure, though the endings st, nd, rd, th, are often omitted in writing. The article before the number of the day is pronounced but not written. In the body of the letter, however, the article is written when the name of the month is not mentioned with the day.



• The Inside Address - In a business or formal letter you should give the address of the recipient after your own address. Include the recipient's name, company, address and postal code. Add job title if appropriate. Separate the recipient's name and title with a comma. Double check that you have the correct spelling of the recipient 's name.
  
  The Inside Address is always on the left margin. If an 8 1/2" x 11" paper is folded in thirds to fit in a standard 9" business envelope, the inside address can appear through the window in the envelope.



• The Greeting - Also called the salutation. The type of salutation depends on your relationship with the recipient. It normally begins with the word "Dear" and always includes the person's last name. Use every resource possible to address your letter to an actual person. If you do not know the name or the sex of of your reciever address it to Dear Madam/Sir (or Dear Sales Manager or Dear Human Resources Director). As a general rule the greeting in a business letter ends in a colon (US style). It is also acceptable to use a comma (UK style).



• The Subject Line (optional) - Its inclusion can help the recipient in dealing successfully with the aims of your letter. Normally the subject sentence is preceded with the word Subject: or Re: Subject line may be emphasized by underlining, using bold font, or all captial letters. It is usually placed one line below the greeting but alternatively can be located directly after the "inside address," before the "greeting."



• The Body Paragraphs - The body is where you explain why you’re writing. It’s the main part of the business letter. Make sure the receiver knows who you are and why you are writing but try to avoid starting with "I". Use a new paragraph when you wish to introduce a new idea or element into your letter. Depending on the letter style you choose, paragraphs may be indented. Regardless of format, skip a line between paragraphs.



• The Complimentary Close - This short, polite closing ends always with a comma. It is either at the left margin or its left edge is in the center, depending on the Business Letter Style that you use. It begins at the same column the heading does. The traditional rule of etiquette in Britain is that a formal letter starting "Dear Sir or Madam" must end "Yours faithfully", while a letter starting "Dear " must end "Yours sincerely". (Note: the second word of the closing is NOT capitalized)



• Signature and Writer’s identification - The signature is the last part of the letter. You should sign your first and last names. The signature line may include a second line for a title, if appropriate. The signature should start directly above the first letter of the signature line in the space between the close and the signature line. Use blue or black ink.



• Initials, Enclosures, Copies - Initials are to be included if someone other than the writer types the letter. If you include other material in the letter, put 'Enclosure', 'Enc.', or ' Encs. ', as appropriate, two lines below the last entry. cc means a copy or copies are sent to someone else.

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procedure text

procedure text is one of the more intermediate-level English lessons that must be mastered pal. Well .. mate need more explanation "unique" about the procedure text,  read this article by first pray, hopefully what I learned could make me be able to master English, amen.Do not ever feel bored to read, reading is not a crime anyway. Therefore, read only English lessons explanation about procedure text / text this procedure without complaining. If my friend complained, I fear one day my friend regretted not reading this :) Okay, just below is a list of the contents of the procedural text writing buddy who can read, just click, man will "quickly" to this paper:DEFINITION OF PROCEDURE TEXTThere are three definitions of "general" of the procedure text: 
 (1) Texts that explain how something works or how to use instruction / operation manuals eg how to use the video, the computer, the tape recorder, the Photocopier, the fax.
 (2) Texts that INSTRUCT how to do a particular activity eg recipes, rules for games, science experiments, road safety rules.
 (3) Texts that deal with human behavior eg how to live happily, how to succeed.From the above, we can underline that the procedure text are 
(1) Text that explains how something works or text that explains how to use instruction guide / usage. example: how to use video, computers, copiers, fax etc.. 
 (2) The text shows how to perform certain activities. eg recipes, rules, play games, scientific experiments, road safety rules.
 (3) Text associated with human behavior. example: how to live Courant, successful way. etc. ..

    The purpose of procedural text is to tell the reader how to do or make-something. The information is presented in a logical sequence of events roomates is broken up into small sequenced steps. Usually these texts are written in the present tense. The most common example of a procedural text is a recipe.
Objective procedure text is telling the reader how to do / make something. Information presented in a logical sequence of events. These events are usually divided into several separate steps. This text is usually written using the present tense. The most common example is the procedure text recipe.GENERIC STRUCTURE OF PROCEDURE TEXTAs with any procedure definition text above, the generic structure (general arrangement) procedure text there were three:(1) Goal (purpose or goal)(2) Materials Needed (material / equipment / materials required)(3) Methods or Steps (Methods / steps)

PROCEDURE TEXT -  "FRIED RICE"

 

 "fried rice" is a familiar food from Indonesia; if you want to know how to prepare nasi goreng this is the procedure how to make nasi goreng. Just follow this explanation :

Ingredients :

• 350 gr. Long Grain Rice
• 2 Tbs. Vegetable Oil
• 3 Eggs
• 1 Onion
• 2 Green Chillis, Sambal Ulek or Sambal Badjak.
• 1 Garlic Clove
• 1 Leek
• 1 teaspoon Ground Coriander
• 1 teaspoon Ground Cumin
• 250 gr. Chicken meat
• 250 gr. Shelled Prawns
• 3 Tbs. Kecap Manis

Steps :

This dish is best made from cold leftover rice, but you can cook a fresh batch and leave it to cool for at least 4 hours. Beat the eggs and make into a omelette, slice into strips and set aside. Heat the oil in a wok or large frying pan. Add the chopped onion, leek, garlic and chillis. Fry until the onion is soft. Add the Coriander and Cumin. Slice Chicken into strips and add with the prawns to the onion mixture and cook, stirring occasionally until they are well mixed. Add the rice, soya sauce and omelet strips and cook for a further 5 minutes.Decorate with some of the leftover leek and serve hot. Enjoy.

NARRATIVE
A narrative (or story) is any account that presents connected events, and may be organized into various categories: non-fiction . new journalism, creative non-fiction, biographies, and histogioraphy fictionalized accounts of historical events anecdotes, myths, and legends; and fiction proper .literature in prose, such as short stories and novels, and sometimes in poetry and drama, although in drama the events are primarily being shown instead of told). Narrative is found in all forms of human creativity and art, including speech, writing, songs,film, television, video games, photography, theatre, and visual arts such as painting, with the modem art movements refusing the narrative in favour of the abstract and conceptual) that describes a sequence of events. The word derives from the Latin verb narrare, "to tell", and is related to the adjective gnarus, "knowing" or "skilled".
The word "story" may be used as a synonym of "narrative". It can also be used to refer to the sequence of events described in a narrative. Narratives may also be nested within other narratives, such as narratives told by unreliable narrator (a character) typically found in noir fiction genre. An important part of narration is the narrative node, the set of methods used to communicate the narrative through a process narration (see also "Narrative Aesthetics" below).
Along with exposition, argumentation, and description, narration, broadly defined, is one of four rhetorical modes of discourse. More narrowly defined, it is the fiction-writing mode whereby the narrator communicates directly to the reader

 

English language will make you more creative

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